137 research outputs found
The Impact of Household Capital Income on Income Inequality: A Factor Decomposition Analysis for Great Britain, Germany and the USA
This paper analyses the contribution of capital income to income inequality in a cross-national comparison. Using micro-data from the Cross-National Equivalent File (CNEF) for three prominent panel studies, namely the BHPS for Great Britain, the SOEP for West Germany, and the PSID for the USA, a factor decomposition method described by Shorrocks (1982) is applied. The factor decomposition of disposable income into single income components shows that capital income is exceedingly volatile and its share in disposable income has risen in recent years. Moreover, capital income makes a disproportionately high contribution to overall inequality in relation to its share in disposable income. This applies to Germany and the USA in particular. Thus capital income accounts for a large part of disparity in all three countries.inequality, capital income, factor decomposition, CNEF
The impact of household capital income on income inequality: A factor decomposition analysis for Great Britain, Germany and the USA
This paper analyses the contribution of capital income to income inequality in a cross-national comparison. Using micro-data from the Cross-National Equivalent File (CNEF) for three prominent panel studies, namely the BHPS for Great Britain, the SOEP for West Germany, and the PSID for the USA, a factor decomposition method described by Shorrocks (1982) is applied. The factor decomposition of disposable income into single income components shows that capital income is exceedingly volatile and its share in disposable income has risen in recent years. Moreover, capital income makes a disproportionately high contribution to overall inequality in relation to its share in disposable income. This applies to Germany and the USA in particular. Thus capital income accounts for a large part of disparity in all three countries.Inequality, capital income, factor decomposition, CNEF
The Impact of Household Capital Income on Income Inequality: A Factor Decomposition Analysis for Great Britain, Germany and the USA
This paper analyses the contribution of capital income to income inequality in a cross-national comparison. Using micro-data from the Cross-National Equivalent File (CNEF) for three prominent panel studies, namely the BHPS for Great Britain, the SOEP for West Germany, and the PSID for the USA, a factor decomposition method described by Shorrocks (1982) is applied. The factor decomposition of disposable income into single income components shows that capital income is exceedingly volatile and its share in disposable income has risen in recent years. Moreover, capital income makes a disproportionately high contribution to overall inequality in relation to its share in disposable income. This applies to Germany and the USA in particular. Thus capital income accounts for a large part of disparity in all three countries.Inequality, capital income, factor decomposition, CNEF
ADVANTAGES AND PROPOSITIONS OF LEARNING EMOTION RECOGNITION IN VIRTUAL REALITY FOR PEOPLE WITH AUTISM
People with an autism spectrum disorder face the daily challenge of social interactions â partic-ularly in non-verbal communication. These difficulties make adequate interpersonal interactions âin real-timeâ a challenging obstacle to overcome in many cases and can lead to excessive de-mands, frustration and isolation (low level of Theory of Mind). Emotion cards are usually used in autism therapy to learn basic skills for recognizing emotions. Learning with autism is charac-terized by spontaneous â sometimes-extraordinary â mastery of complex contents. People with autism learn facts, details and routines well but have difficulties to transfer the learned contents to another context (Weak Central Coherence) or to react flexible to unpredicted events (low Ex-ecutive Function). In addition, research has shown that autistics learn social competences while using a computer and performing practical exercises. Such systems provide the possibility to use an accepted computer simulated (virtual) environment in which autistic children can be taught social competences as emotion recognition. Consequently, we assume that learning emotion recognition in virtual learning environments can remove barriers and obstacles for autistics as they are more successful in solving social problems. Therefore, we are discussing in the paper at hand the potentials of how emotion recognition can be learned in virtual reality
Conceptualizing Immersion for Individual Learning in Virtual Reality
Immersive virtual reality technology (VR) receives more and more attention, especially since the release of the Oculus Rift (development kit 2) in2016. This technology is not only used in the gaming industry but also in serious contexts such as product design or education. The creation of high immersion is commonly said to be the special characteristic of VR. We consider two perspectives on immersion: firstly, immersion in the task and, secondly, immersion in the technology. Our work focuses on immersion as part of the learning related theory of cognitive absorption to examine the theoretical difference between task and technology immersion in the case of individual learning with immersive VR technology. We conducted an explorative Grounded Theory approach with 10 in-depth interviews based on first-hand experience with a self-developed immersive VR application. We propose theoretical and design implications for how VR can potentially enhance individual learning
Is Virtual Reality the Future of Learning? A Critical Reflection
The year 2016 marks the so-called second wave of VR, which was initiated by the first consumer VR-HMD, Oculus Rift (development kit), entering the market. There are four practical advantages in the field of virtual reality learning: a shift from abstract to tangible settings, interactivity rather than passive observations, using desirable but practically infeasible methods, and breaking the bounds of reality. In contrast, current VR technologies also feature certain limitations. The most common negative factor is motion sickness, which distracts the user. We conducted a multiple case study and invited 41 people to participate in two different scenarios. One was a self-developed 360° video and the other was a self-developed interactive scenario. We investigate different barriers which hamper individual learning in VR and we point out that there is a potential for implicit learning in virtual reality
Investment and Adaptation as Commitment Devices in Climate Politics
It is well established that adaptation and technological investment in each case may serve as a commitment device in international climate politics. This paper for the first time analyzes the combined impact of these two strategic variables on global mitigation within a noncooperative framework where countries either decide on mitigation before or after adaptation. By investment, which is assumed to be made in the first place due to its considerable lead time, countries commit to lower national contributions to the global public good of mitigation. We find that the sequencing of adaptation before mitigation reinforces this strategic effect of technological investments at least for sufficiently similar countries. As a consequence, the subgame-perfect equilibrium yields a globally lower level of mitigation and higher global costs of climate change when adaptation is decided before mitigation. Besides this theoretical contribution, the paper proposes some strategies to combat the unfortunate rush to adaptation which can be currently observed in climate politics
Mechanistic Link between Vitamin B12 and Alzheimerâs Disease
Alzheimerâs disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly population,
affecting over 55 million people worldwide. Histopathological hallmarks of this multifactorial disease
are an increased plaque burden and tangles in the brains of affected individuals. Several lines of
evidence indicate that B12 hypovitaminosis is linked to AD. In this review, the biochemical pathways
involved in AD that are affected by vitamin B12, focusing on APP processing, AÎČ fibrillization, AÎČ induced oxidative damage as well as tau hyperphosphorylation and tau aggregation, are summarized.
Besides the mechanistic link, an overview of clinical studies utilizing vitamin B supplementation are
given, and a potential link between diseases and medication resulting in a reduced vitamin B12 level
and AD are discussed. Besides the disease-mediated B12 hypovitaminosis, the reduction in vitamin
B12 levels caused by an increasing change in dietary preferences has been gaining in relevance. In
particular, vegetarian and vegan diets are associated with vitamin B12 deficiency, and therefore
might have potential implications for AD. In conclusion, our review emphasizes the important role
of vitamin B12 in AD, which is particularly important, as even in industrialized countries a large
proportion of the population might not be sufficiently supplied with vitamin B12
Rubber vs. oil palm: an analysis of factors influencing smallholders' crop choice in Jambi, Indonesia
The rapid expansion of the oil palm area in many tropical countries has raised concerns about its negative impact on local communities, food security, and on the environment. While the expansion of oil palm in early stages was mainly driven by large private and public companies, it is expected that smallholders will outnumber large estates in the near future. For policy formulation it is hence important to better understand who these smallholders are and why they have started to cultivate oil palm. In this paper, we used a rich dataset collected in the province of Jambi, which is one of the most important production areas for oil palm, to analyse smallholdersâ decision making by combining qualitative, quantitative, and experimental methods. We identified agricultural expertise, lacking flexibility in labour requirements, availability of seedlings, and investment costs as the major constraints for farmers to cultivate oil palm. Important reasons for oil palm cultivation are the higher returns to labour and the shorter immature phase of oil palm. We also showed that oil palm farmers are neither risk-averse nor risk-loving, rather, they appear to be risk-neutral
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The complete costs of genome sequencing: a microcosting study in cancer and rare diseases from a single center in the United Kingdom
Abstract: Purpose: The translation of genome sequencing into routine health care has been slow, partly because of concerns about affordability. The aspirational cost of sequencing a genome is 1000/genome in a single laboratory. This aspirational sequencing cost will likely only be achieved if consumable costs are considerably reduced and sequencing is performed at scale
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